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    {
      "id": "c1",
      "statement": "BCG research found 70% of digital transformations fall short of their objectives.",
      "status": "sourced",
      "locator": {
        "section": "What the failure numbers say, and what they don't"
      },
      "evidence": [
        "e1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "c2",
      "statement": "In BCG's breakdown, 30% met or exceeded target value with sustainable change, 44% created some value but missed targets, and 26% created limited value with no sustainable change.",
      "status": "sourced",
      "locator": {
        "section": "What the failure numbers say, and what they don't"
      },
      "evidence": [
        "e1"
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    },
    {
      "id": "c3",
      "statement": "BCG sells transformation services, so the firm reporting the failure rate also sells the remedy.",
      "status": "inferred",
      "locator": {
        "section": "What the failure numbers say, and what they don't"
      },
      "evidence": [
        "e1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "c4",
      "statement": "S&P Global Market Intelligence surveyed more than 1,000 respondents in North America and Europe and found 42% of companies abandoned most of their AI initiatives in 2025, up from 17% the prior year.",
      "status": "sourced",
      "locator": {
        "section": "What the failure numbers say, and what they don't"
      },
      "evidence": [
        "e2"
      ],
      "distanceFromPrimary": "cited in CIO Dive's report of the S&P Global research; the S&P report itself was not retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "c5",
      "statement": "The average organisation scrapped 46% of its AI proofs of concept before they reached production.",
      "status": "sourced",
      "locator": {
        "section": "What the failure numbers say, and what they don't"
      },
      "evidence": [
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      ],
      "distanceFromPrimary": "cited in CIO Dive's report of the S&P Global research"
    },
    {
      "id": "c6",
      "statement": "McKinsey's 2018 survey found only 16% of transformations both improved performance and sustained the improvement.",
      "status": "sourced",
      "locator": {
        "section": "removed from the published article"
      },
      "evidence": [
        "e3"
      ],
      "note": "Present in the previous version of this article. McKinsey.com refused retrieval (curl exit 92) on two attempts on 26 August 2026, so the figure could not be re-checked and was cut from the article. Recorded here as recalled, not sourced."
    },
    {
      "id": "c7",
      "statement": "The AI rollout playbook repeats the same five beats as earlier Agile and digital transformation programmes: buy tools first, run volunteer pilots, publish an adoption dashboard, stand up a champions network, book benefits into next year's plan.",
      "status": "inferred",
      "locator": {
        "section": "The technology is new. The plan is not."
      },
      "evidence": []
    },
    {
      "id": "c8",
      "statement": "Every rollout runs three stories at once — procurement, usage, and the redesign of the actual work — and only the third pays for the programme.",
      "status": "inferred",
      "locator": {
        "section": "Every rollout runs three stories at once"
      },
      "evidence": []
    },
    {
      "id": "c9",
      "statement": "Usage metrics are a systematically misleading proxy for value, because volume of light use outweighs a single deep workflow rebuild in the dashboard.",
      "status": "inferred",
      "locator": {
        "section": "Every rollout runs three stories at once"
      },
      "evidence": []
    },
    {
      "id": "c10",
      "statement": "Freed-up time that nobody redirects dissolves without leaving a trace in any metric.",
      "status": "inferred",
      "locator": {
        "section": "Your last transformation already paid for the answers"
      },
      "evidence": []
    },
    {
      "id": "c11",
      "statement": "Middle management is the layer that converts intent into changed work, and it is the layer transformation rollouts typically bypass.",
      "status": "inferred",
      "locator": {
        "section": "Your last transformation already paid for the answers"
      },
      "evidence": []
    },
    {
      "id": "c12",
      "statement": "Whether a plan names a specific end-to-end workflow, an owner and a date is the strongest of the five signals.",
      "status": "inferred",
      "locator": {
        "section": "Five questions to ask before you fund the deck"
      },
      "evidence": []
    },
    {
      "id": "c13",
      "statement": "Pilots staffed by volunteers measure enthusiasm rather than adoption potential, because tool access was never the constraint.",
      "status": "inferred",
      "locator": {
        "section": "Five questions to ask before you fund the deck"
      },
      "evidence": []
    },
    {
      "id": "c14",
      "statement": "Transformation programmes in the author's experience fade rather than end, and no closing report is written.",
      "status": "inferred",
      "locator": {
        "section": "opening"
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "note": "Andrew's own observation from practice, first-person."
    }
  ],
  "evidence": [
    {
      "id": "e1",
      "url": "https://www.bcg.com/publications/2020/increasing-odds-of-success-in-digital-transformation",
      "quote": "New BCG research shows that 70% of digital transformations fall short of their objectives, often with profound consequences.",
      "supportingQuote": "Only 30% of transformations met or exceeded their target value and resulted in sustainable change; companies in this group are in the win zone. Some 44% created some value but did not meet their targets and resulted in only limited long-term change; these companies are in the worry zone. And in the woe zone, 26% created limited value (less than 50% of the target), producing no sustainable change.",
      "locator": "Flipping the Odds of Digital Transformation Success (2020), opening paragraph and the win/worry/woe zone passage",
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    },
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      "id": "e2",
      "url": "https://www.ciodive.com/news/AI-project-fail-data-SPGlobal/742590/",
      "quote": "The share of companies abandoning most of their AI initiatives jumped to 42% , up from 17% last year. The average organization scrapped 46% of AI proof-of-concepts before they reached production.",
      "supportingQuote": "More enterprises reported AI project failures this year compared to 2024, according to analysis from S&P Global Market Intelligence . The findings are based on a survey of more than 1,000 respondents in North America and Europe.",
      "locator": "CIO Dive, 14 March 2025, Dive Brief bullets one and two",
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    },
    {
      "id": "e3",
      "url": "https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/unlocking-success-in-digital-transformations",
      "quote": "Only 16 percent of respondents say their organizations’ digital transformations have successfully improved performance and also equipped them to sustain changes in the long term.",
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    {
      "url": "https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/unlocking-success-in-digital-transformations",
      "attemptedAt": "2026-08-26",
      "reason": "curl exit 92 (HTTP/2 protocol error) on two attempts; site refuses non-browser clients",
      "consequence": "the 16% figure was cut from the article and is recorded as claim c6, status recalled"
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  "disclosure": {
    "attribution": "Written by Andrew Ramsden. AI tools assisted research and drafting; all outputs verified.",
    "accountable": "Andrew Ramsden.",
    "limitations": "BCG's and McKinsey's figures are self-reported by executives in the firms' own surveys, and both firms sell transformation services. The S&P Global figures are quoted via CIO Dive; the underlying report is paywalled.",
    "references": "Three sources, retrieved and hashed on 26 and 27 August 2026, each figure quoted with a locator in the [SOURCED sidecar](/sourced/honest-read-rollouts.sourced.json).\n\n- Boston Consulting Group. (2020). *Flipping the odds of digital transformation success*. Retrieved 26 August 2026, from https://www.bcg.com/publications/2020/increasing-odds-of-success-in-digital-transformation\n- McKinsey & Company. (2018, October 29). *Unlocking success in digital transformations*. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/unlocking-success-in-digital-transformations\n- Wilkinson, L. (2025, March 14). AI project failure rates are on the rise: Report. *CIO Dive*. Retrieved 26 August 2026, from https://www.ciodive.com/news/AI-project-fail-data-SPGlobal/742590/"
  }
}
